Researchers from the U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) analyzed extensive genetic data. They employed a method known as Mendelian randomization to investigate how genetic variations in the receptors for Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1R) and Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIPR) influence alcohol-related behaviors.
One intriguing finding of this study is that these genetic markers appear to be selective: they are associated only with alcohol consumption, showing no connection to other substances such as tobacco, cannabis, or opioids.
However, a connection was found with dietary habits: individuals with the same genetic profile were more likely to choose low-fat and plant-based foods.
This observation leads scientists to hypothesize that the processes of metabolism (how the body processes food) and addiction may share common biological mechanisms. In other words, the pathway our brain uses to regulate hunger might also be involved in managing alcohol craving.
Although the study did not directly test GLP-1 and GIP-based drugs on individuals with alcohol use disorder, the data is compelling and suggests that weight loss medications could significantly reduce alcohol dependence.
These findings lay a strong foundation for future clinical trials aimed at evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists in managing alcohol-related conditions. If confirmed, this approach could develop into a novel dual-action strategy that simultaneously addresses both the metabolic and addictive pathophysiological components of alcohol use disorder.
