Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas (UT Dallas) have developed a device that, when combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI), potentially makes it possible to detect lung cancer at an early stage by analyzing exhaled breath.
This new technology is an electrochemical biosensor that identifies eight Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). These compounds are potential biomarkers for thoracic cancers (lung and esophageal cancer). The data obtained by the biosensor is then analyzed by Artificial Intelligence (AI) to determine whether the biochemical characteristics of the compounds match the indicators associated with various thoracic cancers.
The technology aims to create a screening tool that will allow doctors to discover the disease in its early phase, which will significantly improve patient treatment outcomes. UT Dallas researchers assert that this method is an accessible, fast, and non-invasive means of cancer screening.
The idea for developing the device arose during the COVID-19 pandemic, when researchers were working on creating non-invasive technologies. Exhaled air carries metabolites through the respiratory system that are indicators of disease. This developing field of analyzing early changes in metabolites is called breathomics.
The electrochemical device was tested on the breath samples of 67 patients, 30 of whom had biopsy-confirmed thoracic cancer. The device accurately identified the VOCs in 90% of the confirmed cancer cases.
The project is the result of a collaboration between the Bioengineering and Computer Science departments at UT Dallas and the clinical team at the UT Southwestern Medical Center.
The researchers emphasize that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and therefore, non-invasive technologies that minimize harm to patients and the healthcare system are of paramount importance.
The team will continue working on perfecting the device and obtaining clinical validation. The ultimate goal is for this technology to be implemented in primary healthcare facilities, where patients will be able to take the test during their annual physical exams.
