A large-scale study published in the journal Nature, analyzing the genomes of over 1 million individuals, partially explains why some people maintain their body weight regardless of their diet. Scientists discovered a rare genetic variant that naturally protects the body against obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
By observing populations across North America, Europe, and Asia, researchers analyzed the exome—the section of DNA responsible for protein coding. They examined the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein (HDL, or “good” cholesterol) in the blood, a critical indicator of metabolic health. The data analysis revealed 59 genes that directly regulate energy balance, fat storage, and fat oxidation in the body.
One of the key players identified in this process is the FNIP1 (folliculin-interacting protein 1) gene. Normally, it acts as a “brake” on energy expenditure, preventing cells from burning excess energy. However, it was found that approximately 1 in 7,000 individuals carries a rare, natural mutation that inactivates a single copy of this gene. Data show that carriers of this genetic variant possess a significant metabolic advantage—exhibiting lower blood lipid and glucose levels, healthier body fat distribution, minimal hepatic fat accumulation, and a 60% lower risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases.
To validate this effect in a laboratory setting, researchers artificially suppressed the expression of the FNIP1 gene in human liver cells, causing the cells to immediately initiate lipid breakdown. Similar results were observed in mice experiments: when the gene’s function was disabled, the animals remained reliably protected against excess weight gain and hepatic steatosis for 30 weeks, even while fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet (“junk food”).
Against the backdrop of globally rising chronic diseases—such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions—these findings are particularly noteworthy. Although this genetic mutation is rare in the general population and the study does not offer an immediate drug formulation, the results reveal an entirely new therapeutic target. Researchers hope that targeted pharmacological inhibition of the FNIP1 gene in the future could open new avenues for the effective management of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
