According to new research, GLP-1 class drugs, widely used for diabetes and weight loss, may be linked to an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and gout. Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania began investigating the issue after observing frequent cases of serious tendon tears in patients following relatively minor injuries.
Key Findings of the Study
An analysis of medical records from more than 146,000 adults revealed that the use of GLP-1 medications is associated with certain risks to the skeletal system. Specifically, 4% of weight-loss drug users developed osteoporosis, representing a 30% increase in risk compared to the control group. Furthermore, cases of bone softening (osteomalacia) occurred nearly twice as often among those taking these medications.
Additionally, the study highlighted a 12% increased risk of developing gout. Researchers suggest this increase is linked to a temporary spike in uric acid levels during rapid weight loss, which triggers inflammatory processes in the joints.
What causes bone mass loss?
Scientists are considering several potential causes, with nutrient deficiency being paramount: due to appetite suppression, patients often fail to consume adequate amounts of calcium, vitamin D, and proteins—all essential for bone strength.
Another significant factor is rapid weight loss. When body mass decreases significantly, mechanical loading on the skeleton is reduced. This sends a signal to the body that maintaining previous levels of bone density is no longer necessary. Notably, a similar biological process is observed in astronauts during prolonged stays in zero-gravity environments.
How to avoid complications?
Specialists believe that the study results do not justify discontinuing the medication. According to expert recommendations, a comprehensive approach is necessary to reduce potential complications. This includes weight-bearing exercises that significantly help maintain bone density, adequate intake of proteins and micronutrients through strict nutritional monitoring, and regular medical control of bone mass status throughout the treatment process.
